tendency to buy when going up, tendency to sell when going up is very human.
lali.asia.finance
Friday, 16 May 2014
Flight’s Disappearance Knocks Malaysia Airlines
KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia — Malaysia Airlines said on Thursday that the “dramatic impact” of the vanishing of Flight 370 pushed the unprofitable carrier to its worst quarterly earnings in more than two years, as overall passenger traffic fell sharply, particularly in China.
The company, which is also known by its formal name, Malaysian Airline System, or M.A.S., said its first-quarter net loss had increased to 443.4 million ringgit, or $137.4 million, from a loss of 278.8 million ringgit a year earlier.
Facing high costs and stiff competition from regional and global carriers, Malaysia Airlines has lost money for the past three years. It said that the disappearance of Flight 370 in March had put “additional stress” on what it already expected to be a challenging year.
The airline, in which Malaysia’s state-owned investment agency, Khazanah, owns a 69 percent stake, did not provide financial targets for 2014, but said it was preparing a new business plan to try to cut costs. It is in talks with banks for a strategic overhaul, which might include the partial sale of its engineering unit and an upgrade of its aging fleet.
Graphic: The Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
“The tragic MH370 incident had a dramatic impact on the traditionally weak first-quarter performance,” the airline said. It said it had high numbers of cancellations and a decline in long-distance travel after the plane disappeared on March 8 while flying from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to Beijing with 239 people aboard, including crew.
Most of the passengers on the flight were Chinese, and the airline said that sales in China declined 60 percent in March.
The hunt for the missing jet continues more than two months after its disappearance. Malaysia Airlines recently restarted marketing campaigns, and said it hoped sales would improve later in the year.
Financial analysts, who had not provided estimates of first-quarter earnings because of the uncertainty surrounding the airline, say that Flight 370’s disappearance will continue to deter some travelers from using the airline, but that the disaster could be a catalyst for management to make significant changes.
“This will give them an opportunity to do something about their losses,” said Tan Kee Hoong, an analyst at Alliance Research, adding that executives “can use this as a reason to restructure the company.”
Malaysia Airlines has been squeezed between nimbler rivals like the low-cost AirAsia on short routes, and by Persian Gulf carriers and AirAsia X — AirAsia’s unit for longer flights — in the medium- and long-distance markets.
Since last year, the company has been lowering fares to try to bolster traffic. But hampered by a strong trade union reluctant to embrace new work practices, it has struggled to reduce costs and improve productivity. Operating costs rose 6 percent in the first quarter, mainly because of higher fuel prices and a weakening of the ringgit against the dollar, the airline said.
Tracking Flight 370
The sequence of events known by the authorities, in local times.
Analysts have said that bringing in private investment and reducing the role of Khazanah, the state investor, might help the airline improve its competitiveness.
“Their operating costs are still so high, they need to relook at the business model,” said Ang Kok Heng, chief investment officer at Phillip Capital in Kuala Lumpur, speaking before the quarterly results were released. “Whatever restructuring they go through, they will have to overcome union opposition, which is very difficult to do.”
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Khazanah tried to cut its stake in Malaysia Airlines in 2012, but the airline’s main union blocked a share-swap deal with AirAsia that would have resulted in a partnership in a profitable airline with experience in competing aggressively. The airline last raised funds almost a year ago through a $1 billion rights issue backed by Khazanah.
Malaysia Airlines said on Thursday that it needed a thorough review of its operations and current plans to withstand the “harsh business environment.”
The company has tried to turn itself around before. It announced a business plan in late 2011 that failed to achieve its goal of turning a profit by 2013 through ending unprofitable routes and investing in new aircraft.
Since Flight 370 disappeared, Malaysia Airlines stock has slumped as much as 20 percent. The company’s market value has tumbled about 80 percent over the past five years, while the broader Malaysian stock market has risen about 80 percent.
The airline said last month that its passenger numbers for March had fallen close to a monthly low for the company. Its next traffic update, on the number of seats sold in April, is expected in the next few days.
Former regular customers like Ray Tan, a 31-year-old technology executive based in Singapore, highlight the scale of the challenges. For the past two years, Mr. Tan flew Malaysia Airlines for business trips to Kuala Lumpur every couple of weeks, but since Flight 370, he has shunned the carrier.
“If it’s just the incident alone, I would think it’s an isolated one,” Mr. Tan said. “But right after it, there were a couple more breakdowns with the planes, and that kind of really eroded confidence I had for M.A.S.”
Friday, 9 May 2014
How Much Do I Have To Earn Before Paying Income Tax?
How Much Do I Have To Earn Before Paying Income Tax?
For most residents of Malaysia, the key figure to take note of is about “RM36,704 per year (about RM3,060 per month)” which is inclusive of all benefits, allowances, bonuses, overtime and commissions. If you’re earning anywhere below that figure, then there’s no need for you to open up a file for tax to be deducted from your income (while the con is that you’re not earning as much as you’d like, the pro is that there’s less hassle from a tax perspective!).
How did we determine that any income below RM36,704 (about RM3,060 per month) is not taxable? Take a look at our quick guide to the tax cut-off point for Malaysia below.
However, if you do earn above RM36,704, you need to have a tax file opened with your income tax automatically deducted from your income (welcome to the world of big money!).
Some extra notes about income tax that you may find interesting:
1) For non-residents of Malaysia (people who have been living in the country for less than 182 days per year), the tax rate has been set at 26% on all the income that has been earned in Malaysia. regardless of your citizenship or nationality. However, there are some exceptions to the matter. Certain professions such as public entertainers (15%) as well as those who receive payments for services in connection with the use of property or installation, payments for technical advice and rent (10%) are taxed differently.
2) You may still be overpaying or underpaying on your tax, even if you are a salaried worker or civil servant under a Potongan Cukai Bulanan (PCB), a Monthly / Schedular Tax Deduction (MTD) system or if you are self-employed / own your own business.
What is Chargeable Income in Malaysia?
As mentioned before, the tax rates above are effected on a person’s Chargeable Income (rather than salary or total income, in fact, the amount of the chargeable income is usually much lower). Now I’m sure many of you first-timers may be wondering what your “Chargeable Income” is.
You take the following equation and apply where necessary:
Chargeable Income = Taxable income – Tax exemptions – Tax Reliefs
Check out the example below for a general idea:
You are earning a RM40,000 salary, you have a RM2,000 local bank interest income as well as RM13,000 from property rental income a year. That should bring your chargeable income to RM55,000 correct? Nope, that’s not the way to go about it. Even without taking into account the many tax reliefs available, every taxpayer gets the standard RM9,000 individual tax relief as well as a maximum relief of RM6,000 for EPF contributions. That means your EPF contribution is calculated at 11% of RM40,000, i.e. RM4,400. Also, while “interest” is taxable income (more on this below), all local bank interest income is tax exempted (lucky us!).
Therefore, your Chargeable Income (by applying the aforementioned formula) will actually be:
RM55,000 – RM2,000 – (RM 9,000 + RM4,400) = RM39,600.
RM55,000 – RM2,000 – (RM 9,000 + RM4,400) = RM39,600.
And there you have it! A much lower figure than which you initially thought would be the amount!
Taxable Income in Malaysia
Taxable income actually refers to the “base upon which an income tax system imposes tax”. In general, the Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN) organisation includes all kinds of earnings which the Malaysian taxpayers have to pay for, but which is reduced by expenses and other deductions. Some of them include the following:
1. General Taxable Income
a) Business or Profession
b) Employment
c) Dividends
d) Interest (except bank deposit interest)
e) Discounts
f) Rent
g) Royalties
h) Premiums
i) Pensions
j) Annuities
k) Others
b) Employment
c) Dividends
d) Interest (except bank deposit interest)
e) Discounts
f) Rent
g) Royalties
h) Premiums
i) Pensions
j) Annuities
k) Others
2. Perquisites
Perquisites are taxable benefits that can be converted to cash and are given to an employee from his/her employer.
Examples of which include:
1) Bills
2) Credit Cards
3) Loans
4) Club Memberships
5) Child Tuition Fees
6) Insurance Premiums
7) Personal Driver, Guard or Maid
8) Special Staff Discounts
9) Gift Vouchers
3. Benefits in Kind (BIK)
Benefits in Kind (BIK) are taxable benefits that cannot be converted to cash and are given to an employee from his/her employer. Since Benefits in Kind do not have a direct monetary value, there are two ways to determine the value of a BIK, the formula method or the prescribed value method. Examples of Benefits in Kind include company provided automobiles, lodging and household furnishing & electronics.
Formula Method: Value of asset = Annual Value of Benefit
Life span of asset
Life span of asset
Prescribed Value Method:
Assigns a predetermined value from a list sorted by classification of asset.
Assigns a predetermined value from a list sorted by classification of asset.
Example: Automobile
Tax Exemptions on Income in Malaysia
Tax exemptions in Malaysia come in many forms, and can be defined as “a personal allowance or specific monetary exemption which may be claimed by an individual to reduce taxable income”.
Generally speaking, it means they are income items which can be omitted from (we refrain from using the word deductions here, because tax reliefs are also ‘deducted’ from your taxable income) the individual’s paycheck. Below you will find a full list of those items along with their respective descriptions, so that you will get a general idea of what to expect:
1) Leave Passage
2) Medical and dental benefit
3) Retirement gratuity
4) Gratuity paid out of public funds
5) Gratuity paid to a contract officer
6) Compensation for loss of employment
7) Pensions
8) Death gratuities
9) Scholarships
10) Cultural performances
11) Interest
12) Dividend
13) Royalty
14) Income Remitted from Outside Malaysia
15) Fees or Honorarium for Expert Services
16) Income Derived from Research Findings
17) Company Special Service Awards
18) Travelling Allowances
19) Benefits in Kind Exemptions
What Are Tax Reliefs?
What about a tax relief? It is defined as “an amount that can be deducted from a person’s annual income to reduce the amount on which tax is paid”.
To describe it in a more clear and concise manner, it is actually a way for you to lessen your chargeable income.
Let’s say you took home a monthly paycheck of RM40,000 from your company in 2013 and if there were no tax exemptions or reliefs, your chargeable income will remain the same and your tax for the year would have been in the 11% bracket.
Now say the Government decides that all Residents of Malaysia should get a personal tax relief of up to RM9,000 per year. Your chargeable income will now be RM31,000 which means that your tax would be in the 6% bracket.
These are the following reliefs available for Malaysian Residents:
| Included in MTD system | RM |
|---|---|
| Self and Dependent | 9,000 |
| Life insurance and EPF | 6,000 |
| Husband/Wife/Alimony Payments | 3,000 |
| Ordinary Child relief (per child) | 1,000 |
| Total | > 15,000 |
| Not usually included in MTD / PCB system but relevant to most taxpayers | RM |
|---|---|
| Interest expended in 2013 to finance purchase of residential property dated 2010 (but interest payments starting in 2011 only) | 10,000 |
| Net saving in SSPN's scheme | 6,000 |
| Education Fees (Individual) | 5,000 |
| Updated: PRS Voluntary Contribution | 3,000 |
| Purchase of personal computer (every 3 years) | 3,000 |
| Insurance premium for education or medical benefit | 3,000 |
| Special relief for tax payers earning an income of up to RM8,000 a month (RM96,000 anually). Only applicable for the 2013 year of assessment. | 2,000 |
| Purchase of books, journals, magazines and publications | 1,000 |
| Complete medical examination | 500 |
| Purchase of sport equipment for sport activities | 300 |
| Total | 29,300 |
| Not included in MTD system but relevant to certain taxpayers | RM |
|---|---|
| Disabled Individual | 6,000 |
| Basic supporting equipment (for disabled self, spouse, child or parent) | 5,000 |
| Medical expenses for serious diseases | 5,000 |
| Disabled child | 5,000 |
| Medical expenses for parents | 5,000 |
| Child age 18 years old and above, not married and pursuing diplomas or above qualification in Malaysia @ bachelor degree or above outside Malaysia in program and in Higher Education Institute that is accredited by related Government authorities | 6,000 |
| Disabled Wife / Husband | 3,500 |
| Child age 18 years old and above, not married and receiving full-time tertiary education | 1,000 |
| Premium on new annuity scheme or additional premium paid on existing annuity scheme commencing payment from 01/01/2010 (amount exceeding RM1,000 can be claimed together with life insurance premium) | 1,000 |
| Total | > 35,500 |
Tax Deductions vs Tax Reliefs
Most of the time people get confused between Tax Deductions and Tax Reliefs, and its easy to see why. They are for the most part the same thing, as they both allow you to reduce your Chargeable Income (that is, before you even start looking at tax rate tables). In fact most people worldwide use both terms interchangeably, and LHDN goes one step further and classifies Tax Deductions as a reduction in your Chargeable Income as a result of Gifts or Donations.
As a rule of thumb, you can deduct up to 7% of your Taxable Income for gifts to charities and institutions which are approved by the government (not all charities are approved, so be sure to find out before you donate away!), unless you are giving to a few selected government-related bodies, where there is less restrictions on the amount deductible from your income.
For example, if you earned RM60,000 this year, and donated RM5,000 to an approved charity, you may deduct RM4,200 (ie. 7% of RM60,000) off your chargeable income, in addition to all those reliefs above.
What are the Tax Rebates in Malaysia for 2014?
Some people will be having the question of how is a tax rebate different from a tax relief? A tax relief is a reduction in your chargeable income (ie. before you calculate tax) whereas a tax rebate is a reduction in your tax expense after you have calculated your tax for the year.
Tax rebates (or also known as “tax refunds” but done automatically rather than actually refunded to you). Simply put, there are income tax rebates for Malaysian taxpaying citizens who are having a chargeable income of less than RM35,000 which is RM400. There is also an additional RM400 rebate for married couples who have a chargeable income of less than RM35,000 per year and are eligible for the RM3,000 wife / husband / alimony relief.
To give a quick calculation example for tax rebates:
Taxable Income: Salary of RM45,000 a year
Chargeable Income: RM45,000 – RM9,000
Chargeable Income: RM45,000 – RM9,000
In the above example, you were eligible for the RM400 tax rebate because your Chargeable Income was less than RM35,000 (it was RM29,050 in that example).
Another type of tax rebate, but which is only applicable for Muslim citizens, is the zakat / fitrah. Zakat is a compulsory payment for charity and considered to be compulsory as it is one of the five pillars in Islam. It can be calculated via the Muslim taxpayer’s acquired wealth or income. Zakat Fitrah, on the other hand, can be considered to be a small, compulsory levy that is imposed upon Muslim taxpayers only. It used to be calculated in the olden days using a pack of rice grains (one pack is equivalent to approximately 2.7 kg) but in the modern days, it is calculated based on the equivalent price of this pack rice grains. You can read all about Zakat and the various types that exists in our guide Zakat in Islam.
Another type of tax rebate, but which is only applicable for Muslim citizens, is the zakat / fitrah. Zakat is a compulsory payment for charity and considered to be compulsory as it is one of the five pillars in Islam. It can be calculated via the Muslim taxpayer’s acquired wealth or income. Zakat Fitrah, on the other hand, can be considered to be a small, compulsory levy that is imposed upon Muslim taxpayers only. It used to be calculated in the olden days using a pack of rice grains (one pack is equivalent to approximately 2.7 kg) but in the modern days, it is calculated based on the equivalent price of this pack rice grains. You can read all about Zakat and the various types that exists in our guide Zakat in Islam.
So… why is RM36,704 the cut-off point to pay tax?
Assuming that you made RM36,704 in 2013…
Chargeable Income
Your Chargeable Income = Your taxable income – (Standard RM9,000 individual tax relief + 11% EPF Contribution of your salary + Special tax relief of RM2,000 per month)
which means
Your Chargeable Income = RM36,704 – (RM9,000 + RM4,037 + RM2,000) = RM21,667
Based on the tax rate table above, RM21,667 would be taxed RM300 on the first RM20,000 and RM100 on the remaining RM1,667 which brings it up to about RM400 in tax.
RM400 Rebate
After taking into account the RM400 rebate for those with a chargeable income of RM35,000 or less, you’ll be paying
RM400 – RM400 = RM0 (no tax, yay!)
PCB / MTD System: Has your employer paid too much tax for you?
First off, do you know what the words “PCB / MTD” mean? The words are actually acronyms for “Potongan Cukai Bulanan / Monthly Tax Deductions”.
How this works is that your employer will automatically deduct a certain amount from your salary every month to pay for tax on your behalf, going towards paying your tax for the year. This type of deduction is different from the basic Employees Provident Fund (EPF) and Social Security Organization (SOCSO) monthly deductions.
Therefore, one can sum up that the MTD is calculated from one’s gross salary minus the EPF deductions of up to RM6,000 per year. If you were to take a closer look at the sum of the total MTD for the year, you will realise that the figure will be very close to your actual tax expense for the year, but given that your company has no idea of your additional reliefs other than being married or having children (such as Books, Sporting equipment etc.), they are very likely to have been overpaying for you.
Even without taking into account those extra reliefs, the PCB/MTD schedules aren’t 100% accurate (and typically overpay tax on your behalf), as we will see shortly below:
Final Reminder
The 2013 tax assessment year follows the calendar year, so the 2013 tax year is effective from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013.
Taxpayers can start submitting their income tax return forms for the year of assessment 2013 through e-filing as well. The due date for the submission of return forms are as follows:
1) Employers (Form E) is 31 March 14
2) Residents and non-residents with non-business income (Form BE and M) is 30 April 14
3) Residents and non-residents with business income (Form B and M) is 30 June 14
4) Partnerships (Form P) is 30 June 14
2) Residents and non-residents with non-business income (Form BE and M) is 30 April 14
3) Residents and non-residents with business income (Form B and M) is 30 June 14
4) Partnerships (Form P) is 30 June 14
Finally, do take note that you must keep records for 7 years from the date of filing so don’t throw away any receipts or evidence of tax reliefs, keep them in a file sorted by tax year.
You might also find these interesting:
Everything you want to know about Income Tax, summarised in our Malaysia Income Tax 2014 Infographic.
Have a question you want answered? Take a look at our FAQ: Malaysia Income Tax 2014 guide. This FAQ was designed to give a quick overview of what the SaveMoney.my Community has been asking! Feel free to ask us in the comments section of the guide and we’ll get the answer for you!
Finally, calculate how much tax you have to pay and how you can possibly reduce that sum via relief and
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